A number of scholars have attempted to synthesize the methods available for the resolution, management or transformation of their ethnic conflict. A key question facing scholars who attempt to adapt their theories of interstate violence to explain or predict large-scale ethnic violence is whether ethnic groups could be considered "rational" actors. [50] For this reason, NTA has been promoted as a more practical and state building solution than consociationalism. Over the second half of the 20th century, conflicts within national boundaries became increasingly dominant. Meyjes argues that to fully grasp, preempt, and/or resolve such conflicts—whether with or without the aid of territorial or non-territorial institutional mechanism(s) -- a cultural rights approach grounded in intercultural knowledge and skill is essential.[57][58]. On the basis of recent theoretical and empirical research, we pr … Read your article online and download the PDF from your email or your account. [30] [18][30] As a result, the possibility of a general explanation of ethnic violence has grown, and collaboration between comparativist and international-relations sub-fields has resulted in increasingly useful theories of ethnic conflict.
For example, Varshney highlights that in the 1960s "racial violence in the USA was heavily concentrated in northern cities; southern cities though intensely politically engaged, did not have riots". Additionally, ethnic entrepreneurs, or elites, could be tempted to mobilize ethnic groups in order to gain their political support in democratizing states.
In power sharing-systems that are based on pre-determined identities, there is a tendency to rigidly fix shares of representation on a permanent basis which will not reflect changing demographics over time. Citizenship and rights should be delinked from ethnicity, however, and politics and the peace process should not cement ethnic division. The theory of implementing federalism in order to curtail ethnic conflict assumes that self-governance reduces "demands for sovereignty". Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting), Anti-cultural, anti-national, and anti-ethnic terms, Central African Republic conflict (2013–2014), "Constructivism and Consociational Theory", "Climate change, food shortages, and conflict in Mali", "How Climate Change Is Spurring Land Conflict in Nigeria", "Farmer-Herder Conflicts on the Rise in Africa", "Armed conflict and its international dimensions, 1946–2004", "Why does ethnic diversity undermine public goods provision? Terms in this set (52) Civilizations. Outside the former communist bloc, ethno-separatist strife in the same period has occurred in areas such as Sri Lanka, Myanmar, West Papua, Chiapas, East Timor, the Basque Country, Catalonia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Southern Sudan and Hazaras in Afghanistan under the Taliban. [33], While the link between ethnic heterogeneity and under provision of public goods is generally accepted, there is little consensus around the causal mechanism underlying this relationship.
[40] Howard has deemed consociationalism as a form of ethnocracy and not a path to true pluralistic democracy.
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