(1990). Given the current employment opportunities, it is not likely that the number of specialists in SA Indian languages will increase fast enough to document most of the surviving SA languages before they go out of use, as most of them unavoidably will. But this site has inner beauty, for it is, or will be, a compendium of online materials about more than 800 indigenous languages of the Western Hemisphere and the people that speak them. By the 18th and 19th centuries, Spanish, English, Portuguese, French, and Dutch, brought to the Americas by European settlers and administrators, had become the official or national languages of modern nation-states of the Americas. ), 1966. (1998). For the proposed language family, see, Language families and unclassified languages, (also known as Chapacura-Wanham, Txapakúran), (also known as Atacama, Atakama, Atacameño, Lipe, Kunsa), (also known as Auca, Huaorani, Wao, Auka, Sabela, Waorani, Waodani), (also known as Hiraháran, Jirajarano, Jirajarana), (also known as Caliana, Cariana, Sapé, Chirichano), (Kaweskar, Alacaluf, Qawasqar, Halawalip, Aksaná, Hekaine), (also known as Araucanian, Mapuche, Huilliche), (also known as Mayna, Mumurana, Numurana, Maina, Rimachu, Roamaina, Umurano), (also known as Latacunga, Quito, Pansaleo), (also known as Guenaken, Gennaken, Pampa, Pehuenche, Ranquelche), (also known as Magta, Tikuna, Tucuna, Tukna, Tukuna), (also known as Shimacu, Itukale, Shimaku), (also known as Micmac-Basque Pidgin, Souriquois; spoken by the, (also known as Bungi, Bungie, Bungay, or the Red River Dialect), (also known as Ndjuka-Amerindian Pidgin, Ndjuka-Trio), (also known as Herschel Island Eskimo Pidgin, Ship's Jargon), (also known as Nheengatú, Lingua Boa, Lingua Brasílica, Lingua Geral do Norte), (also known as Lingua Geral Paulista, Tupí Austral), (also known as Copper Island Aleut, Medniy Aleut, CIA), (also known as French Cree, Métis, Metchif, Mitchif, Métchif), (also known as Mobilian Trade Jargon, Chickasaw-Chocaw Trade Language, Yamá), (spoken during the 18th-19th centuries; later replaced by Chinook Jargon), (also known as Occaneechee; spoken in Virginia and the Carolinas in early colonial times), American-Arctic–Paleosiberian Phylum, Luoravetlan – and beyond. (1929). Others are of known people with no linguistic record (sometimes due to lost records). Rowe, John H. (1954). A bibliographical database, Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States, Indigenous Peoples Languages: Articles, News, Videos, Documentation Center of the Linguistic Minorities of Panama, The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America, The Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas, Southern Oregon Digital Archives First Nations Tribal Collection, Center for the Study of the Native Languages of the Plains and Southwest, Project for the Documentation of the Languages of Mesoamerica, Programa de Formación en Educación Intercultural Bilingüe para los Países Andinos, Swadesh Lists of Brazilian Native Languages, Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest, Indigenous language families and isolates, 49,826 §(estimated as per persons born in Greenland), A single, one-language migration (not widely accepted), A few linguistically distinct migrations (favored by, Multilingual migrations (single migration with multiple languages), The influx of already diversified but related languages from the, Migration along the Pacific coast instead of by the, Bullet points represent minority language status. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. We are a small non-profit organization dedicated to the survival of Native American languages, particularly through the use … In North America and the Arctic region, Greenland in 2009 adopted Kalaallisut [8] as its sole official language. Indigenous languages of the Americas are spoken by indigenous peoples from Alaska, Nunavut, and Greenland to the southern tip of South America, encompassing the land masses that constitute the Americas. In America north of Mexico, where the Indian population was thinly spread, there were a number of language groups—e.g., the Eskimo-Aleut, Algonquian, Athabascan, and Siouan—each of which covered large territories and included some 20 or more closely related idioms. Modern Mayan languages descend from Proto-Mayan, a language thought to have been spoken at least 5,000 years ago; it has been partially reconstructed using the comparative method. The condition of Native American Languages in the United States. Bright, William. These sections correspond roughly with the geographic regions (North, Central, and South America) but are not equivalent. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. United States: La Habra, California, Houston, Texas Under the 2003 law of language rights, the indigenous languages of Mexico along with Spanish are recognized as "national languages". München: Lincom Europa. Steward (Ed.). Most North American languages have a relatively small number of vowels (i.e. Kaufman, Terrence. Several indigenous languages have been given official status in the countries where they occur, such as Guaraní in Paraguay. Many of the proposed (and often speculative) groupings of families can be seen in Campbell (1997), Gordon (2005), Kaufman (1990, 1994), Key (1979), Loukotka (1968), and in the Language stock proposals section below.
[1] This scheme is rejected by nearly all specialists, due to the fact that some of the languages differ too significantly to draw any connections between them. Thousands of languages were spoken by various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. The list of language families, isolates, and unclassified languages below is a rather conservative one based on Campbell (1997). There around 220 speakers in Brazil, and around 328 speakers in Peru. Although both North and Central America are very diverse areas, South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken and an estimated 1,500 languages at first European contact. Many of the proposed (and often speculative) groupings of families can be seen in Campbell (1997), Gordon (2005), Kaufman (1990, 1994), Key (1979), Loukotka (1968), and in the Language stock proposals section below. some readers find the term Native American confusing, so i suggest moving to Indigenous languages of the Americas. As a result, many relationships between languages and language families have not been determined and some of those relationships that have been proposed are on somewhat shaky ground. Areal linguistics in North America. The European colonizers and their successor states had widely varying attitudes towards Native American languages. The Europeans also suppressed use of indigenous American languages, establishing their own languages for official communications, destroying texts in other languages, and insisting that indigenous people learn European languages in schools. However, if Turkish and Quechua were compared, the probability value might be −95%, while the confidence value might be 95%. Guarani is one of the most-widely spoken indigenous languages of the Americas and the only one whose speakers include a large proportion of non-indigenous people. (1979). (1929).
Below is a (partial) list of some such proposals: Good discussions of past proposals can be found in Campbell (1997) and Campbell & Mithun (1979). Language families and unclassified languages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community, Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas, List of unclassified languages of North America, List of unclassified languages of South America, Pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles, Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal, Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America, Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas, List of endangered languages in the United States, List of endangered languages with mobile apps, List of indigenous languages of South America, List of indigenous languages in Argentina, "Lov om Grønlands Selvstyre Kapitel 7 Sprog", "Estadística básica de la población hablante de lenguas indígenas nacionales 2015", "Language Highlight Tables, 2016 Census - Aboriginal mother tongue, Aboriginal language spoken most often at home and Other Aboriginal language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 Census – 100% Data", "Brasil tem cinco línguas indígenas com mais de 10 mil falantes", "Census in Brief: The Aboriginal languages of First Nations people, Métis and Inuit", "The Blackfoot Language Resources and Digital Dictionary project: Creating integrated web resources for language documentation and revitalization", "Idiomas indígenas Macuxi e Wapixana são oficializados em município de Roraima – Amazônia.org", "Aboriginal Mother Tongue (90), Single and Multiple Mother Tongue Responses (3), Aboriginal Identity (9), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Age (12) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data", "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger", Studies of North American Indian Languages, Debian North American Indigenous Languages Project, Catálogo de línguas indígenas sul-americanas, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos, Towards a general typology of South American indigenous languages.
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