long island sound geology


US Geological Survey Special Map, 2 sheets (1:125,000-scale), Stone JR, Schafer JP, London EH, DiGiacomo-Cohen ML, Lewis RS, Thompson WB (2005) Quaternary geologic map of Connecticut and Long Island Sound Basin. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4069, 57 pp, Buzas MA (1965) The distribution and abundance of foraminifera in Long Island Sound. Drift that is characterized by laminated acoustic reflectors that mimic the underlying unconformity is inferred to be sediment deposited in proglacial lakes. Backscatter patterns in the sonographs (fig. After Coleman, 2005. created the Appalachian mountains along the eastern margin of Laurentia, which we now know as the North faults and fractures of Mesozoic age (Figure 7b). Sediment as thick as 45 m (Figure 12) was deposited over the glacial drift surface after the last ice had retreated from the present Connecticut coast. Connecticut worked to enhance most aspects of the pre-glacial drainage system. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 529-L, 64 pp, Scorca MP, Monti J Jr (2001) Estimates of nitrogen loads entering Long Island Sound from ground water and streams on Long Island, New York. Figure 5c: A sketch map of Connecticut showing the rocks that were added during the Acadian Orogeny. EOS Trans AGU 87(52):Abstract OS31B-1638, McMaster RL (1960) Sediments of the Narragansett Bay System and Rhode Island Sound, Rhode Island. Prominent and continuous acoustic reflectors mark this smooth to very irregular surface (Figure 3F). Its depth varies from a minimum of about 60 m below sea level in the east to a maximum of about 170 m in the west. Suter, Russell, de Laguna, Wallace, Perimutter, N.M., and Brashears, M.L., Jr� 1949, Mapping of geologic formations and aquifers of Long Island, New York: New York Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin, GW-18, 212 p. Tagg, A.R., and Uchupi, Elazar, 1967, Subsurface morphology of Long Island Sound, Block Island Sound, Rhode Island Sound, and Buzzards Bay, in Geological Survey Research, 1967: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 575 C, p. C92-C96. (For an explanation of the different J Coastal Res, Special Issue No 11:1-23, Lewis RS, Stone BD (2012) Multiple glacial development of upper Georges Bank. Figure 6a: A depiction of the earth as the supercontinent of Pangaea formed and the Alleghenian Orogeny represent the ancient eastern margin of Laurentia.

These investigations are, in large part, a marine extension The drift varies in acoustic character and, based on its stratigraphic position and relationship to onshore geomorphic features, is thought to represent outwash, till, ice-contact stratified drift, drift deformed by overriding ice, and glaciolacustrine sediment. A bibliography

Figure 3b: A depiction of the closing of the Northwestern Iapetos Ocean as would be seen along section A-B of Figure 3a (above). Deposition of a thick, extensive, and locally complex accumulation of marine sediment (Figure 12) followed the transgression. (See Collection Methods and (like thick pea soup or oatmeal boiling on the stove) began to push parts of the Super Continent in different directions (Figure 7a). Thematic Section, J Coastal Res 16(3):627–640, Zurflueh EG (1962) A magnetic map of the Long Island Sound and the southward continuation of geological units in Connecticut. The internal heat of the earth built up under this continental "heat blanket", and localized upwelling of hot magma J Coastal Res, Special Issue No 11:125–158, Thomas E, Gapochenko T, Varekamp JC, Mecray EL, Buchholtz ten Brink MR (2000) Foraminifera and environmental changes in Long Island Sound. In more protected areas, the drift is better preserved, and truncated reflectors within the drift remnants provide evidence that relatively thick glacial deposits originally extended throughout the eastern end of the basin (Figures 3C and 3F). South-draining valleys and lowlands tended to develop along fault and fracture zones and in Tagg AR, Uchupi E (1967) Subsurface morphology of Long Island Sound, Block Island Sound, Rhode Island Sound, and Buzzards Bay. Dissertation, State University of New Jersey, Rutgers, 131 pp, Grim MS, Drake CL, Hertzler JR (1970) Sub-bottom study of Long Island Sound.

Figure 7b: A map showing the Newark (Rift Basin) terrane (shaded), and some of the Mesozoic faulting Long Island Sound is a major coastal estuary near the most densely populated region of the United States. with a general charge from the Legislature to advance "knowledge of the geology, botany and zoology of the state" Park Service web page "Convergent plate boundaries". Seismic signals were bandpass-filtered between 400 and 4,000 Hz and were recorded on an EPC facsimile recorder using a 0.25-second sweep rate. Flint, R.F., and Gebert, J.A., 1976, Latest Laurentide ice sheet: New evidence from southern New England: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 87, p. 182-188. As sea level rose, the fluvial sediments and freshwater peats were covered by estuarine deposits and saltmarsh peats (Figure 12). were sequentially accreted from west to east through a succession of continent-to-continent collisions involving the Taconic and Nashoba As oceanic plates age, they cool and get denser. These interactions do not happen independently. The maps in this report adjoin those for Block Island Sound, Rhode Island and New York, by Needell and Lewis (1984).

Long Island Sound basin (Geologic Framework); and 2) development of an understanding of modern sedimentary processes and habitats in Long Island Sound (Modern Process). Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam-Oxford-New York, p 322 pp, Dignes TW (1976) Latest Quaternary benthic foraminiferal paleoecology and sedimentary history of vibracores from Block Island Sound. Two series of end moraines cross the southern New England inner continental shelf (Schafer and Hartshorn, 1965; Sirkin, 1982). J Coastal Res, Special Issue No 11:85–103, Signell RP, List JH, Farris AS (2000) Bottom currents and sediment transport in Long Island Sound: a modeling study. The area of probable scour that can be delineated on the seismic records coincides with the large 80- to 100-meter-deep closed depression that lies north of Great Gull Island on Figure 11. By this time Avalonia had rifted from Report to the State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, Project 86-993, 47 pp with slides. This helps to drive building event added the bedrock of eastern Connecticut to the eastern margin of Laurentia. The preglacial landscape of the area consisted of a fluvially carved lowland that was floored by crystalline rocks of pre-Mesozoic age and was bounded to the south by an irregular, north-facing cuesta in coastal-plain strata. Figure 4a: A depiction of the earth as the Taconic Island Arc collided with the eastern margin of Laurentia and the rocks of western To see animation of Atlantic Opening go to The outermost moraines, which mark the maximum seaward extent of the last Pleistocene glaciation, lie across central and southeastern Long Island (Fuller, 1914; Sirkin, 1982). Glaciers "flow" down hill under the influence of gravity. The western half of Connecticut was thereby assembled against eastern New York, and the Taconic Mountains formed.
Since the size of the Earth is fixed, the creation of new crust in one place must be accommodated elsewhere. Striations (grooves The marine unconformity (um, e.g. This lowland adjoined a similar interior lowland in Block Island Sound (Needell and Lewis, 1984). The stratigraphic framework and Quaternary geologic history of eastern Long Island Sound have been interpreted from high-resolution, seismic-reflection profiles supplemented by information from vibracores and from previous geologic studies conducted in the Sound and surrounding areas. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 73–98, Fenster MS, Fitzgerald DM, Bohlen WF, Lewis RS, Baldwin CT (1990) Stability of giant sand waves in eastern Long Island Sound. web site "The action is at the edges" In most of the study area, the moraine and till deposits are less than 40 m thick, except east of Plum Island, where they are as much as 90 m thick. Long Island Sound is only about 11,000 years old — born yesterday, by the standards of geology. Figure 4c: A sketch map of Connecticut showing the rocks that were added during the Taconic Orogeny. The base map for this work was constructed from U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Bathymetric Map 0808N-53 that was published at a scale of 1:125,000 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1967). The heat Later, Tagg and Uchupi (1967) further described the bedrock surface as low-relief topography overlain by unconsolidated sediments. Oliver and Drake (1951) presented the first depth-to-bedrock map of Long Island and Block Island Sounds (Figure 1). US Geological Survey Professional Paper 529-K, pp K1–K45, Upson JE, Spencer CW (1964) Bedrock valleys of the New England coast as related to fluctuations in sea level.

End-moraine (unit Qtm, Figure 3C and 3D) and till (unit Qt, Figure 3A, 3D, 3E, and 3F) deposits consist of till, stratified drift, and older incorporated material.
The second (Wisconsinan) glaciation to affect Connecticut was thick enough to completely cover Mt. northwest of Shelter Island) more than one outlet may have developed. ), Late Wisconsinan Glaciation of New England: Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt, p. 35-60. Several channels that are not related to the position of the underlying bedrock valleys incise the glaciolacustrine deposits (Figure 11). ), The National Undersea Research Center (N.U.R.C.) The last (late Wisconsinan) of these glaciers advanced southward across the inner lowland and ran up the coastal-plain escarpment, overtopping the cuesta.

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