0000008735 00000 n Common symptoms of schizophrenia are; delusions, hallucinations and odd behavior (Pinel, 2007, p.482). /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 525.599976 709.919983] Behavior modification is available, and much research has recently been conducted on this very problem, particularly with an increased incidence of PTSD with returning military personnel. Sociocultural perspectives describe the influence of society and lifestyle where behavior is concerned. Incarceration is an example of how cause stress and unusual or stressful living conditions can cause behavioral changes. /ExtGState 55 0 R The anticipation of having an episode is a response bought about through conditioning, just as conditioning describes how the association with a situation or circumstance can also trigger a fear response. 0000032016 00000 n Although research is extensive, there is still much to be learned about the causes and developmental aspects of many psychological disorders. According to this point of view, psychological problems are caused by inadequacies int he way an individual thinks feels or perceives the world, Plato developed the orgasmic approach and viewed disturbed behaviour as arising out of conflics between emotion and reason, Galen elaborated on the role of the 4 humours in personal character and temperament. /Fields [] a theory of abnormal behavior that focuses on how thoughts and information processing can become distorted and lead to maladaptive emotions and behavior schema an underlying representation of knowledge that guides the current processing of information and often leads to distortions in attention, memory, and comprehension; It is difficult to test a patient via imaging studies because involuntary tics make research problematic (Pinel, 2007, p.499). There are some distinct differences. << This definition also implies that the presence of abnormal behavior in people should be rare or statistically unusual, which is not the case. /ExtGState 31 0 R endobj
<< The repetitious behavior displayed in Tourette patients is also similar to obsessive compulsive disorder, and is often co-existent. CAUSES OF Ironically, those who suffer with agoraphobia will also be alarmed if they find themselves alone, because they fear they will need help and nobody will be close by to offer assistance. Fortunately, when such wonderful accidents occur, links are often discovered which can help in the development and treatment of various other disorders and diseases. 8 0 obj /LastModified (D:20080701115154+05'30') /XObject <<
0000001431 00000 n For those unfortunate enough to be institutionalized for treatment of psychological disorders around the time of the Renaissance, treatment was less than adequate. Start studying Chapter 3 Causes and Risk Factors for Abnormal Behavior. With that said, help is available and is known to be very effective in the long-term. >> Image courtesy of David Castillo Dominici at FreeDigitalPhotos.net. /dotlessi /lslash /oe /scaron /zcaron 160 /Euro 164 /currency 166 Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour I. Pioneers in diagnostics, Philippe Pinel, a French psychiatrist, and German physician Emile Kraeplin can be credited with the development of some of the earliest diagnostic systems, and more recently, “the DSM-II (published in 1968) listed 182 disorders, the DSM-III (1980) included 265, and the DSM-IV-TR (2000), the current edition, has almost 300 separate disorders” (Hansell & Damour, 2008, p. 76). /Helv 6 0 R /AcroForm 3 0 R 0000005771 00000 n /Resources << << When understood completely the theories seem more complementary than not, and provide researchers and clinicians with the tools necessary for identifying underlying causes, reasons for abnormal behavior, and for the development and application of successful interventions. Some people who have suffered trauma during birth for example, may develop the disorder later in life, regardless of the presence of any condition with the parents. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 525.599976 709.919983] Referring to several theoretical perspectives when searching for answers about psychological illness has its obvious advantages. /Parent 4 0 R /CropBox [0.0 0.0 525.599976 709.919983] /BaseFont /Helvetica Not for further distribution unless allowed by the License or with the express written permission of Cambridge University Press.
0000001869 00000 n >> Behavior different from society's proper functioning and breaking the social norms, Changing values in society lead to various changes in concept of abnormality, It is assumed that socially acceptable behaviour is normal, This approach views abnormal behaviour is Maladaptive, It affects the well being of the individual and eventually the group that he/she belongs, Conforming behavior can be seen as abnormal if it is maladaptive, ie if it interferes with optimal functioning and growth, Describing behaviour ans maladaptive impiles that a problem exists, Vulnerability in the individual, inability to cope, or exceptional stress in the environment have led to problems in life, Supernatural and magival forces such as evil spirits or devil.
Coping with symptoms of anxiety disorder can be extremely distressing and exhausting, so a suitable drug treatment in conjunction with psychological therapy is often necessary to maintain some sense of stability. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. >>
Exorcism ie removing the evil residing inside the individual through counter magic and prayers, it is still commonly used. /T1_1 26 0 R The obsessive thoughts can range from disturbing images that enter the mind, or the fear something terrible will happen to oneself or a loved one if the rituals are not performed.
BEHAVIOUR /T1_1 28 0 R >> 0000002639 00000 n /Type /Page /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 525.599976 709.919983] Interestingly, the SSRIs used to treat depression are commonly used for treating anxiety disorders, and are found to be very effective. uuid:032243bb-b55c-42e2-8aca-e966f1e6d934 However, the development and ever-evolving theoretic perspectives continue to contribute invaluable knowledge to the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological illness. The DSM identifies the specific criteria used when diagnosing patients; it represents the industry standard for psychologists and psychiatrists, who often work together to diagnose and treat psychological disorders.
/Annots [81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R] In the case of the traumatic experience which continually causes extreme anxiety, the association between circumstance and an unwanted behavior is more likely to be rectified in the cycle broken the patient is aware of why he behaves poorly in response to certain stressors.
/Im0 38 0 R Those who hold a medical perspective focus on biological and physiological factors as causes of abnormal behavior, which is treated as a disease, or mental illness, and is diagnosed through symptoms and cured through treatment. /T1_2 28 0 R 0000010072 00000 n
/XObject << >> 4 0 obj /Parent 4 0 R Behavioral disorders are also common in adults. /Filter /FlateDecode Because attacks often occur in open or public places, and especially in crowded spaces (while in the supermarket or out driving), an individual will be inclined to stay at home rather than risk a possibly humiliating and debilitating experience in the presence of others. 0000005792 00000 n
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This type of behavior I would consider eccentric, but not abnormal. uuid:ddc79fe6-b678-42fb-9f49-cf62f1ae2dce 2009-02-20T18:54:28+05:01 /Type /Encoding Image courtesy of lekkyjustdoit at FreeDigitalPhotos.net. /Encoding << /XObject << /F4 29 0 R Various risk factors associated with challenging behaviour include male gender, adulthood, living at resi-dential services, severe learning disability, underlying mental health disorders, and … Instead, any specific abnormal behavior may be unusual, but it is not unusual for people to exhibit some form of prolonged abnormal behavior at some point in their lives, and mental disorders such as depression are actually very statistically common. /Type /Page
Panic Disorder is also relatively common, and can occur with either generalized or phobic disorders. Medications are often prescribed to help maintain the healthy chemical production and balance. Kerry is a self-confessed psychology nerd, with degrees in both psychology and metaphysical science. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 525.599976 709.919983] However, bizarre might also be a word that I would use to describe eccentricity, depending on the circumstances at a particular moment. /Annots [56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R] American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition. The agoraphobic sufferer will eventually become housebound for fear of leaving and entering an unsafe environment. /Producer ()
Although D2 receptors appear to be a common denominator in schizophrenic episodes, it is now known that it is not the major cause, and underlying factors must also be contributing to the disorder. /ExtGState 47 0 R Other ancient scientists and physicians believed that hysteria was responsible for such conditions.
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